Chiyambi

Masiku ano dziko lomwe likuganizira kwambiri za chilengedwe, ogula ambiri akusankha mapesi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo mwa zinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zingatayike. Chifukwa cha ubwino wake wapadera, mapesi agalasi okhala ndi borosilicate ambiri akukhala chizolowezi chatsopano kwa okonda zachilengedwe komanso kufunafuna moyo wathanzi.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kufunika kwa msika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu wagalasi monga masika, koma khalidwe lake silili lofanana. Poyang'anizana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ogula angadziwe bwanji ngale, kusankha mtundu weniweni wa udzu wagalasi wa borosilicate?

Chitsimikizo cha Zinthu Zofunika

1. Nchifukwa chiyani satifiketi ya zinthu ndi yofunika kwambiri?

Galasi la borosilicate lalitali ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi galasi wamba la soda-laimu. Galasi la borosilicate lalitali powonjezera 12%-15% boron trioxide, kotero kuti coefficient yake ya kutentha imachepetsedwa kufika pa ⅓ ya galasi wamba, yokhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso kukana kugwedezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza:

• Kukana kwa kusiyana kwa kutentha: imatha kupirira kusiyana kwa kutentha kuyambira -30°C mpaka 300°C pa magulu (galasi wamba imatha kupirira kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa pafupifupi 69°C)
• Kukana kugundana: Mphamvu yowirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuposa galasi wamba.
• Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala: sichichitapo kanthu ndi chakudya chilichonse, ndipo palibe zinthu zovulaza zomwe zidzachitike mukazigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

2. Kodi mungazindikire bwanji galasi lenileni la borosilicate?

• Chongani chizindikiritso cha chinthucho: zinthu wamba zidzalembedwa momveka bwino kuti "galasi lolimba kwambiri la borosilicate"; samalani ndi mawu osamveka bwino okha olembedwa kuti "galasi losatentha" omwe angakhale galasi wamba lophimba maso.
• Kutsimikizira zikalata za satifiketi: satifiketi yapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza FDA, LFGB; satifiketi yapakhomo, kuphatikiza miyezo ya GB 4806.5-2016 ya zinthu zokhudzana ndi magalasi; Ogula akhoza kupempha amalonda kuti apereke malipoti oyesera a chipani chachitatu, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwona chizindikiro cha "boron trioxide".

3. Mayeso a umunthu

• Mayeso oletsa kutentha: udzu umasinthasintha mwachangu pakati pa kutentha ndi kuzizira, mthunzi weniweni wa galasi la borosilicate umakhalapo.
• Mayeso a phokoso: Dinani ndi ndodo yachitsulo, galasi la borosilicate limamveka bwino komanso galasi lalitali, lomveka bwino.

4. Malangizo kwa ogula kuti apewe mavuto

• Msampha wamtengo wotsika: mtengo weniweni wa zinthu zopangira galasi la borosilicate ndi wokwera kuwirikiza katatu mpaka kasanu kuposa wa galasi wamba.
• Mabodza abodza: amalonda ena adzapatsidwa galasi lofewa kapena galasi wamba lolembedwa kuti "high borosilicate".
• Chitsimikizo chabodza: Malipoti abodza a mayeso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwone ngati satifiketiyo ndi yoona pa webusaiti yovomerezeka ya Certification and Accreditation Administration of the State.

(Upangiri wa akatswiri: Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera zida zaukadaulo za labotale za mitundu ya zinthu za anthu wamba, mitundu yotereyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi miyezo yokhwima yowongolera zinthu. Nthawi yomweyo kuti musunge satifiketi yogula, ngati pakufunika, mutha kutumizidwa ku bungwe la akatswiri kuti akayesedwe kapangidwe ka zinthu.)

Kukhuthala ndi Kulimba

1. Lamulo lagolide la kusankha makulidwe

Makulidwe abwino a khoma la udzu wagalasi wa borosilicate ayenera kukhala pakati pa 1.5mm-2mm, mtundu womwe watsimikiziridwa mu mayeso a labotale:

• Pansi pa 1.5mm: Ngakhale kuti ndi yopepuka, kukana kwa dontho kumachepa ndi kupitirira 30%.
• Pamwamba pa 2mmMphamvu zimawonjezeka koma kukana kuyamwa kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimakhudza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
• Malo abwino kwambiri owerengera ndalama: Kukhuthala kwa 1.8mm kumatha kupirira kugwa kwa mita 1.2 (deta ya labotale)

2. Njira zoyesera khalidwe la akatswiri

• Njira yoyesera mawu: tembenuzani thupi la chubu, galasi la borosilicate lapamwamba kwambiri lidzatulutsa mawu omveka bwino; zinthu zosaoneka bwino zimamveka zosasangalatsa komanso zazifupi, zitha kukhala ndi thovu la mpweya kapena zinthu zosafunika.
• Njira yodziwira kuwala: yang'anani khoma la chubucho powala, liyenera kukhala lowonekera bwino, lopanda mafunde kapena zinyalala; gawo lodulidwalo liyenera kukhala lopukutidwa ndi moto, lokhala ndi mzere wosalala (kupukuta wamba kudzakhala ndi m'mbali zomveka bwino).
• Mayeso a kupsinjika maganizo: ikani udzu pansi pa kuwala kozungulira, kufalikira kwa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri ndi kofanana, palibe mikwingwirima yamitundu.

3. Kapangidwe katsopano kamawonjezera kulimba

• Kapangidwe ka chitetezo katatu: mphete yokhuthala pakamwa pa chikho, mpata woletsa kugwedezeka pakati, ndi mankhwala ozungulira pakamwa poyamwa.
• Njira yolimbikitsira asilikali: Makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika kwa pamwamba kumatha kufika 800MPa; ukadaulo wopaka utoto kuti uwonjezere kuuma kwa pamwamba kufika pa 9H (5H yagalasi wamba).

4. Zitsanzo zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zingakuthandizeni

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba: sankhani makulidwe ofanana a 1.8mm ndi chikwama cha silicone
• Kugwiritsa ntchito panja: Chitsanzo chokhuthala cha 2mm chikulangizidwa, chokhala ndi bokosi lapadera losungiramo zinthu.
• Ana amagwiritsa ntchito: muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chapadera chokhala ndi ngodya yozungulira + kapangidwe koletsa kugwa.

(Chikumbutso cha akatswiri: mukamagula, mutha kupempha bizinesiyo kuti ipereke kanema woyeserera, opanga nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mbiri yonse ya njira yoyesera khalidwe. Pewani kusankha kulengeza kuti mzindawu ndi "wosasweka konse", zinthu zonse zagalasi zili ndi kuthekera kosweka, chofunikira ndikupeza mgwirizano pakati pa kulimba ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito.)

Chitetezo: Chopanda lead, Chosaphimbidwa, Chopanda Zotsalira za Mankhwala

Magalasi a borosilicate ali ndi ubwino waukulu pankhani ya chitetezo, ndi zinthu zopangira zokha, kapangidwe kokhazikika, komanso opanda zitsulo zolemera kapena zophimba zachilengedwe zomwe zimavulaza thupi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pakumwa mowa wathanzi. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zosafunika pamsika, zomwe zingakhale ndi zinthu zoopsa monga lead kapena zophimba zamitundu yosakhazikika zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwoneke bwino, zomwe zimatha kugwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kapena kukhudzana ndi acid-base panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi paumoyo.

1. Zoopsa zomwe zingachitike

Zinthu zogulitsa magalasi otsika mtengo zitha kukhala ndi zitsulo zolemera, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse poizoni wokhalitsa; utoto wopaka ngati sunakhazikike bwino, umachotsedwa mosavuta poyeretsa mobwerezabwereza kapena poyeretsa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo ukhoza kusakanizidwa ndi chakumwa chomwe chimalowetsedwa ndi thupi la munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zagalasi zosavomerezeka zimatha kuphulika kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri, ndipo pali chiopsezo chovulala.

2. Malangizo oti musankhe

Ogula akulangizidwa kuti azisankha magalasi owoneka bwino a borosilicate osaphimbidwa bwino akamagula kuti apewe zoopsa zosatsimikizika zachitetezo zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha utoto wokongoletsa. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwawona ngati chinthucho chalandira satifiketi yachitetezo cha chakudya kuti muwonetsetse kuti chinthucho chili chotetezeka komanso chopanda mankhwala. Zinthu zabwino nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa ndi satifiketi ya mtundu wa chinthucho komanso zambiri za satifiketi.

3. Malangizo oyeretsera

Galasi lokhala ndi borosilicate yambiri limakhala lolimba kwambiri pa kutentha ndipo ndi loyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera kutentha kwambiri. Njira zoyeretsera zomwe zikulangizidwa ndi izi:

• Madzi Owira Kuwira ndi Kutsuka: Ikani udzu m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 5-10 kuti muphe mabakiteriya ofala.
• Kutsuka ndi nthunzi yoyeretsera kapena kutsuka mbale pa kutentha kwambiri: yoyenera kutsukidwa mwachangu tsiku ndi tsiku, onetsetsani kuti udzuwo wamangidwa bwino.
• Kusamba m'manja ndi burashi yapadera ndi sopo wofewa pang'ono: yoyenera kukonzedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, pewani kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wamphamvu wa asidi kapena wa alkaline kuti mupewe dzimbiri.

Mwa kusankha zinthu zapamwamba komanso kusunga njira zabwino zoyeretsera, mutha kukulitsa chitetezo ndi thanzi la udzu wagalasi wa borosilicate wapamwamba kwambiri.

Kapangidwe Katsatanetsatane: Dziwani Zomwe Mungagwiritse Ntchito

Chitonthozo cha udzu wagalasi wa borosilicate sichimadalira kokha pa chinthucho chokha, komanso kapangidwe kake katsatanetsatane. Kuyambira mawonekedwe a udzu mpaka zowonjezera zofanana, tsatanetsatane uliwonse wocheperako umakhudza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito onse amakumana nazo.

1. Kusankha mawonekedwe ndi kutalika

• Kapangidwe ka chitoliro chowongoka: mizere yoyera, yosavuta kuyeretsa, yoyenera madzi akumwa a tsiku ndi tsiku kunyumba kapena ku ofesi.
• Kapangidwe ka chubu chopindika: ngodya ndi yosavuta kumwa mwachindunji, makamaka yoyenera ana, okalamba kapena kunja kwa nyumba, komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'mabotolo okhala ndi zivindikiro.
• Malangizo a kutalika: Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kugula udzu wochepera 12-20cm, womwe ungasinthidwe kuti ugwirizane ndi makapu ambiri wamba, mabotolo agalasi ndi makapu akumwa omwe angatengedwe, ndipo uli ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino. Pazosowa zapadera, kukulitsa kosinthidwa kungaganizidwe.

2. Kapangidwe ka phukusi la zowonjezera

• Burashi Yoyeretsa: Ndikofunikira kusankha burashi yapadera ya nayiloni kapena burashi ya thonje, yomwe ndi yabwino kuyeretsa mkati, kupewa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndikuwonjezera ukhondo ndi chitetezo.
• Bokosi losungiramo zinthu kapena thumba la nsalu: zosavuta kunyamula, malo osungira zinthu paulendo, kupewa kukhudzana ndi udzu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuipitsidwa, makamaka zoyenera kudya kunja kapena oteteza chilengedwe.
• Kupukuta pakamwa ndi udzu: Majarini abwino kwambiri ayenera kuzunguliridwa ndi kupukutidwa podula, popanda m'mbali zakuthwa kapena kudula, zomwe zingalepheretse kukanda pakamwa ndikuwonjezera chitetezo ndi chitonthozo pakumwa.

Kugulitsa ndi Kugulitsa Pambuyo Pogulitsa: Kupewa "Kuwononga Ndalama Kamodzi Kokha"

Magalasi a Borosilicate ayenera kukhala olimba bwino, koma nthawi yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi luso la kampani, kuwongolera khalidwe komanso chitetezo pambuyo pogulitsa. Kusankha kampani yodalirika sikuti ndi chitsimikizo cha khalidwe la malonda okha, komanso njira yopewera kutaya zinthu ndi kukhumudwa.

1. Malangizo ofunikira

Sankhani makampani odziwa bwino za chilengedwe omwe ali ndi mbiri yaukadaulo, kapena opanga magalasi akale omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito. Makampaniwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zopangira zokhwima kwambiri, njira zowongolera khalidwe molimbika, ndipo zinthu zawo zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pankhani yolimbana ndi kutentha, makulidwe ofanana komanso kugayidwa, komanso amakhala ndi kusweka kochepa.

2. Chitsimikizo cha utumiki wogulitsidwa pambuyo pa malonda

Makampani apamwamba kwambiri amapereka chithandizo cha anthu pambuyo pogulitsa, monga ntchito monga kusintha zinthu zomwe zawonongeka kapena kulipira zinthu zomwe zawonongeka, nthawi yobwezera kapena chithandizo cha upangiri kwa makasitomala. Musanagule, ndi bwino kufufuza mosamala ngati bizinesiyo yalembedwa bwino ndi malamulo oyenera a ntchitoyo.

3. Mfundo zowunikira kuwunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito

Mukayang'ana ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito, simuyenera kungoyang'ana kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse, komanso samalani ndi zinthu zinazake, makamaka "kaya ndi zofooka", "kaya zimamveka bwino m'dzanja", "kaya zasintha mtundu/zofooka".

Mbiri yonse ya kampani, chitetezo cha malonda pambuyo pogulitsa ndi ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito zitha kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kupambana pogula udzu wagalasi wa borosilicate, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito mosamala chilengedwe, cholimba komanso chokhazikika.

Mapeto

Chinsinsi chosankha udzu wagalasi wa borosilicate chili m'zinthu zisanu: zinthu zoyera, makulidwe apakati, otetezeka komanso osavulaza, kapangidwe koganiza bwino, komanso mtundu wodalirika.Masamba abwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyambira zimakhala zapamwamba pang'ono, koma chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso makhalidwe ake oteteza chilengedwe, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, zomwe zimasonyezadi "ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa kamodzi kokha, phindu la chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi zomwe mumamwa komanso zochitika zanu, sankhani zinthu zoyenera kwambiri ndikuyamba ulendo wotetezeka komanso wokhazikika wakumwa wobiriwira.