Chiyambi

Mu ma laboratories amakono a zamankhwala ndi mankhwala,Machubu otukula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maselo, zochita za mankhwala, kusunga zitsanzo ndi ntchito zina zofunika kwambiri.Kufunika kwawo mu njira yoyesera sikunganyalanyazidwe. Popeza machubu otukula awa amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zitsanzo zoyesera, zinthu zawo, kukula kwawo, kutsekedwa kwawo komanso ngakhale atayeretsedwa kapena ayi zidzakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za kuyesa. Kusankha kosayenera kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutayika kwa zitsanzo kapena kukonda deta yoyesera, motero kukhudza kulondola ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa kafukufukuyu.

Mitundu Yaikulu ya Machubu Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machubu otungira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi, ndipo ofufuza ayenera kusankha mtundu woyenera malinga ndi cholinga cha kuyesera, malo ogwirira ntchito komanso makhalidwe a zitsanzozo. Zili m'magulu atatu awa: zipangizo, mphamvu ndi ntchito yapadera:

1. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu

Machubu opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana omwe amatha kutayidwa amasiyana malinga ndi kutentha, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, komanso mawonekedwe a kuwala:

• Polypropylenee: Kukana bwino kutentha kwambiri ndi dzimbiri la mankhwala, koyenera kulimidwa kwa maselo nthawi zonse, kuyesa kwa mamolekyulu ndi ntchito zina.
• Polystyrene: kuwonekera bwino kwambiri, kosavuta kuwona momwe madzi ndi momwe maselo alili, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kuwala, koma osati kutentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira autoclaving.
• Machubu a chikhalidwe cha galasiNgakhale kuti zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito komanso zimakhala zokhazikika pa mankhwala, zimakhala zodula, zimafuna njira zina zoyeretsera ndi kuyeretsa, ndipo zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka.

2. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi mphamvu

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zomwe zimafunika pakuyeseraku, mphamvu ya machubu okulirapo imachokera pa yaying'ono mpaka yayikulu:

• Machubu a microcentrifuge: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popereka zitsanzo, kugawa madzi m'maselo, kuchotsa DNA/RNA ndi ntchito zina.
• Machubu achikhalidwe wamba: mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu labotale, yoyenera kukulitsa maselo, kusakaniza zomwe zimachitika, kusunga zitsanzo ndi zina.
• Machubu akuluakulu okulirapo: yoyenera kukulitsa maselo akuluakulu kapena kukonza njira zambiri zothetsera vutoli.

3. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi ntchito yapadera

Machubuwa akupezeka ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera kuti akwaniritse zosowa zinazake zoyesera:

• Machubu Osatetezedwa ndi Aseptic: yoyeretsedwera ku fakitale ndi gamma radiation kapena autoclaving, yoyenera kuyesa ndi zofunikira kwambiri za aseptic.
• Ndi chivundikiro cha katiriji: imalola kusinthana kwa mpweya, koyenera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena maselo omwe amafunika mpweya ndipo amaletsa kuipitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja.
• Machubu Osagwira Kutentha Kwambiri: ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala mu -80℃ kapena ngakhale malo a nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, yoyenera kusungira zitsanzo zamoyo kutentha kochepa kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Machubu ophunzirira/osaphunziraMachubu opangidwa ndi graduated ndi osavuta kuwerengera mwachangu ndikupereka kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito a zoyeserera.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Posankha Machubu Opangira Chikhalidwe

Pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera, kusankha machubu oyenera oyeretsera zinthu zotayidwa n'kofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotsatira zake zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso molondola. Ofufuza ayenera kuganizira bwino zinthu zingapo zofunika:

1. Mtundu wa kuyesera

Zofunikira pa machubu okulira zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera pa kuyesa kupita ku kuyesa ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe zachitika komanso malo oyesera:

• Za chikhalidwe cha maselo: Zofunikira kuti munthu akhale wosabala ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito machubu osabala omwe ali ndi zipewa za cartridge zopumira kuti muwonetsetse kuti kusinthana kwa mpweya kukulangizidwa.
• Kuyesera kwa PCR / molecular biology: ayenera kukhala opanda ma enzyme a DNA, ma enzyme a RNA ndi machubu opanda pyrogen, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito machubu a polypropylene oyera.
• Kusungirako kutentha kochepaMachubu okhala ndi kutentha kochepa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apewe kusungunuka kwa madzi pa kutentha kochepa.

2. Zitsanzo za makhalidwe

Kapangidwe ka physicochemical ka chitsanzocho kamakhudza mwachindunji kusankha kwa zinthu ndi kasinthidwe ka ntchito ka machubu okulira:

• Zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kapena zolimba: imatsimikiza kuchuluka kofunikira ndi mawonekedwe a chubu cholowera.
• Zitsanzo za asidi kapena za alkaline: zitsanzo zowononga kwambiri zimafuna zinthu zosagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala kuti zipewe kusintha kwa chubu kapena kuipitsidwa.
• Kaya tipewe kuwala: zitsanzo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwala ziyenera kusankha chubu chokulitsa zinthu za amber kapena zosawoneka bwino, kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwala.

3. Zofunikira pakuyeretsa thupi

Kufunika koyeretsa ndi mtundu wa kuyeretsa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha mapaipi:

• Kudziyeretsa usanachite opaleshoni poyerekeza ndi kudziyeretsa wekha: Zinthu zopangidwa kale zopangidwa ndi fakitale zoyenera kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimasunga nthawi; ngati labotale ili ndi zida zoyeretsera zokha, mutha kusankha chubu cha PP chomwe chingatsekedwe zokha.
• Kugwirizana kwa njira yoyeretseraMwachitsanzo, zinthu za PS sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha.

4. Kugwirizana

Machubu ayenera kusinthidwa bwino kuti agwirizane ndi zida za labotale kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zodalirika:

• Kugwirizana kwa centrifugalMachubu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa magetsi ayenera kukhala olimba kuti athe kupirira mphamvu za centrifugal pa liwiro lalikulu lozungulira.
• Kugwirizana kwa automation: Pa zoyeserera zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti opakira mapaipi, makina operekera madzi okha, ndi zina zotero, makulidwe ofanana a machubu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

5. Mtengo ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu

Kuwongolera moyenera ndalama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zosowa zoyesera:

• Zotayidwa kapena zogwiritsidwanso ntchito: machubu otayidwa ndi zinthu zosavuta kusamalira komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa, oyenera kuyesa zinthu zambiri; machubu agalasi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi oyenera kuyesa zinthu zoyambira zomwe zili ndi ndalama zochepa.
• Mulingo wogulira: kugula zinthu zambiri kungachepetse mtengo wa chinthu, choyenera mapulojekiti akuluakulu a nthawi yayitali; zinthu zazing'ono, zomwe zasinthidwa ndi makina zimakhala zosinthika koma zimakhala ndi mtengo wokwera.

Malangizo a Zochitika Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kawirikawiri

Malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoyesera, machubu otsatirawa opangidwa ndi zinthu zotayidwa amalimbikitsidwa pazochitika zingapo zodziwika bwino, cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa zoyesera:

1. Kulima maselo

• Mtundu wovomerezeka: machubu opangidwa ndi polypropylene osabala okhala ndi zipewa za cartridge zopumira
• Chifukwa: Zinthu zopangidwa ndi polypropylene zimakhala ndi kusagwirizana kwabwino kwa mankhwala komanso zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zina, zoyenera kukulitsa maselo. Chophimba cha cartridge chimatha kusinthana bwino mpweya, kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kukwaniritsa mpweya wofunikira kuti maselo achuluke.

2. Kuzindikira kwa mamolekyu a PCR/qPCR

• Mitundu yovomerezeka: machubu apadera a PCR opanda nuclease, opanda pyrogen kapena machubu a microcentrifuge
• Chifukwa: Machubu a polypropylene oyera kwambiri, atakonzedwa mosamala, amatha kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zitsanzo kapena kuipitsidwa, kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zolondola komanso zodalirika zokulitsa. Kapangidwe ka khoma lopyapyala kamalimbikitsidwa kuti akonze bwino kusamutsa kutentha.

3. Kusungirako kutentha kochepa

• Mtundu Wovomerezeka: Machubu a Polypropylene Osatentha Kwambiri Okhala ndi Kapangidwe Kosazizira ndi Chivundikiro Chotsekera Chokulungira
• Chifukwa: Machubu awa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungira zitsanzo kwa nthawi yayitali pa -80°C kapena ngakhale mu nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, ndipo kapangidwe kake kapadera kamaletsa chubu kuti chisasweke komanso kuti chisatuluke. Choyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa maselo, zitsanzo zamagazi, mapuloteni kapena ma nucleic acid.

4. Centrifuge

• Mitundu yovomerezeka: machubu a polypropylene olekerera kwambiri, kapangidwe kozungulira kapena kozungulira pansi, okhala ndi ma rotor a centrifuge
• Chifukwa: Machubu a PP ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zoteteza ku centrifugal ndipo amatha kupirira mphamvu zambiri zoteteza ku centrifugal popanda kusintha kapena kuphulika. Pansi pake pa conical zimathandiza kusonkhanitsa maselo kapena kugwera pakati ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchira.

Zolakwa Zofala ndi Njira Zopewera

M'machitidwe, kulephera kwa kuyesa chifukwa cha kusankha molakwika machubu okulira kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Zolakwika zingapo zofala komanso malingaliro ofanana a mayankho alembedwa pansipa kuti ofufuza azitha kuziona:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zinthu zosatentha kwambiri poziyika pa autoclaving