Mawu Oyamba

Mu kafukufuku wamakono wa sayansi ndi kusanthula koyesera, chipinda chosonkhanitsa zitsanzo ndicho sitepe yoyamba yotsimikizira kudalirika kwa deta. Ndipo pochita izi, mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo, monga chonyamulira chachikulu cha kusungirako zitsanzo ndi zoyendetsa, kusankha kwake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhulupirika ndi kukhazikika kwa chitsanzo ndi kulondola kwa kusanthula kotsatira.

Zitsanzo zosonkhanitsira Mbale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Mbale imasiyanitsidwa mosamala potengera zakuthupi, kapangidwe kake, zowonjezera ndi kutsekedwa kwa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma physicochemical properties, zosowa zowunikira komanso kusungirako.

Gulu Loyambira la Mbale Zotolera Zitsanzo

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsanzo ili ndi zofunikira zosiyana za mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo panthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako.Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa gulu lofunikira la mbale zosonkhanitsa zitsanzo zidzathandiza oyesera kupanga chisankho choyenera kwambiri malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Ponseponse, machubu achitsanzo amatha kugawidwa malinga ndi zinthu, njira yosindikizira ndi miyeso monga zosungunulira ndi kapangidwe kazinthu.

1. Gulu ndi zinthu: galasi vs. Pulasitiki

• Galasi Zitsanzo Machubu: Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi galasi lapamwamba la borosilicate lokhala ndi inertness yabwino yamankhwala komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta, oyenera zosungunulira zambiri za organic ndi zochitika za kutentha kwambiri. Makamaka pakuwunika kolondola kwambiri kapena kusonkhanitsa zinthu zomwe zimadsorbed mosavuta, Mbale zamagalasi zimatha kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zitsanzo kapena kuipitsidwa.
• Mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo za pulasitiki: zipangizo wamba monga polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, etc. Iwo kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi opepuka, ndipo ndi oyenera kuzizira cryogenic, kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo zamoyo, ndi chizolowezi kuyezetsa kuchipatala. Zina mwazitsulo zapulasitiki zapamwamba zimagonjetsedwa ndi mlingo wina wa dzimbiri.

2. Gulu mwa njira yosindikiza: screw, bayonet, mtundu wa gland

• Mtundu wa screw-in: mtundu wofala kwambiri, wosavuta kutsegulira ndi kusindikiza, woyenera pazosowa zambiri za labotale. Zipewa za screw-port nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi PTFE/silicone gaskets kuti zitsimikizire kusindikizidwa komanso kugwirizana kwamankhwala.
• Mtundu wa Bayonet: Kutsekedwa mwachangu ndi chithunzithunzi, choyenera kugwira ntchito mwachangu kapena zochitika zomwe zimafuna kutsegulidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulatifomu ongochita kapena njira zina zoyezera.
• Mtundu wa gland: Chosindikizidwa ndi kapu yachitsulo ndi chithokomiro, chotchinga mpweya kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga gasi chromatography ndi zoyesera zina zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera kwambiri kusinthasintha. Zoyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso zoyendera, makamaka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zitsanzo zachilengedwe.

3. Gulu ndi voliyumu ndi mawonekedwe: muyezo, kakang'ono, pansi pa conical, etc.

• Mbale Standard: voliyumu wamba ndi 1.5 ml, 2 ml ndi 5 ml, omwe ali oyenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula zitsanzo zambiri zamadzimadzi. Mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala a cylindrical, omwe ndi osavuta kugwidwa ndi zida zamagetsi.
• Mbale zazing'ono: ndi voliyumu ya 0.2ml-0.5ml, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yaying'ono kwambiri kapena mapangidwe apamwamba oyesera. Oyenera micro sampling system.
• Mabotolo okhala ndi cone: Pansi pa vial amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a chulucho, amene ndi yabwino kwa chitsanzo ndende, centrifugal ntchito ndi zotsalira-free aspiration, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera mapuloteni / nucleic acid m'zigawo.
• Mbale zapansi / zozungulira pansi: Zopanda pansi ndizoyenera kutengera zida za autosampling, pomwe zozungulira zozungulira ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pamanja kapena zochitika zosakanikirana ndi vortex.

Ntchito mu Zitsanzo za Zamoyo (zitsanzo zamagazi monga chitsanzo)

Monga imodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino komanso zoyambira zamoyo, magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuwunika kwachipatala, kuyezetsa ma genetic, ndi kafukufuku wa proteinomics. Chifukwa cha zovuta zake komanso zochitika zamphamvu zamoyo, zofunikira zotengera zotengera ndizokhwima kwambiri. Zitsanzo zosonkhanitsira Mbale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosiyana malinga ndi zowonjezera, zipangizo ndi mapangidwe apangidwe, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa zitsanzo ndi kulondola kwa kusanthula kotsatira.

1. Chilengedwe ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito

• Kuyeza kwachipatala: magazi wamba, biochemistry, electrolytes, kuyezetsa mlingo wa mahomoni, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kukhala zachangu, zogwira mtima, kupewa hemolysis ndi kuipitsidwa.
• Kafukufuku wa mamolekyulu a biology: monga RNA-seq, whole genome sequencing (WGS), qPCR, etc., zomwe zimafuna zofunikira zapamwamba za nucleic acid kukhulupirika ndi mikhalidwe yosungira zitsanzo.
• Kusanthula kwa mapuloteni ndi metabolomics: okhudzidwa ndi kuletsa ntchito ya protease, kuyanjana kwa zosungunulira, kukhazikika pambuyo pozizira mobwerezabwereza ndi kusungunuka.

2. Common zitsanzo zosonkhanitsira Mbale mitundu ndi kasinthidwe

• Muli ma anticoagulant Mbale: Machubu a EDTA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa hematology ndi nucleic acid m'zigawo, zomwe zingalepheretse bwino njira ya coagulation ndikuteteza ma morphology a cell; Machubu a Heparin ndi oyenera kusanthula kwa plasma, oyenera kuyesa mankhwala ena (mwachitsanzo, kusanthula mpweya wamagazi), koma amasokoneza machitidwe ena a PCR; ndi machubu a sodium citrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa ntchito ya coagulation.
• Machubu osonkhanitsira magazi opanda zowonjezera: amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa seramu, monga kugwira ntchito, ntchito yaimpso, mayesero a immunology, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo pa magazi mwachibadwa, seramu imasiyanitsidwa ndi centrifugation kuti asapewe zowonjezera mankhwala zomwe zimasokoneza kuyesera.
• Mbale zapadera za cryopreservation: yopangidwa ndi zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri za PP, zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri (-80 ℃ kupita ku chilengedwe cha nayitrogeni chamadzimadzi). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira kwa nthawi yayitali plasma, seramu, zigawo zama cell, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabanki achitsanzo zazachilengedwe komanso maphunziro anthawi yayitali.

3. Chenjezo

• Mphamvu ya zinthu pa kukhazikika kwachitsanzo: Mbale za pulasitiki zimatha kukopa mapuloteni kapena nucleic acid, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochepetsetsa kapena mankhwala apamwamba. Mbale zamagalasi ndi zokhazikika koma sizoyenera kuzizira zonse Akatswiri a labu ayenera kupanga chigamulo chotengera mtundu wa zitsanzo ndi zosowa za kuyesa.
• Kufunika kolemba zilembo ndi traceability system: Panthawi yoyesera, zitsanzo zimasokonezeka mosavuta chifukwa cha kulemba, chidziwitso chosakwanira ndi mavuto ena, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kudalirika kwa deta. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zosindikizidwa ndi laser, zomata zokhazikika zosungidwa mufiriji kapena makina otsata pakompyuta (monga RFID, barcode) pakuwongolera zitsanzo.

Kusungidwa ndi kasamalidwe ka zitsanzo za magazi kumachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa zotsatira za zoyesera, ndipo mbale zoyenera zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo sizimangowonjezera kusungidwa kwa zochitika zachitsanzo ndi kukhulupirika, komanso ndizofunikira kuti pakhale kafukufuku wapamwamba. Ndi chitukuko chamankhwala olondola komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, kufunikira kwa mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo zachilengedwe kukuchulukirachulukira ndikuyengedwa.

Chemical Analysis ndi Laboratory Zitsanzo

Mu analytical chemistry, kupeza mankhwala, kuyesa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi ntchito zina za labotale, mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo sizotengera zosungirako zokha, komanso zida zogwirizana kwambiri ndi njira yowunikira ndi chida. Makamaka mu chromatography yamadzimadzi, chromatography ya gasi ndi njira zina zoyesera zolondola kwambiri, kusankha kwa mabotolo kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuberekana komanso kulondola kwa kusanthula ndi kukhazikika kwa chidacho.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito Mbale mu madzi chromatography ndi mpweya chromatography kusanthula

• HPLC Mbale: Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala kumafunika kuti tipewe yankho lachitsanzo kuti lisachite kapena kutsatsa khoma la vial. Nthawi zambiri 2 ml 2 ml ya magalasi apamwamba a galasi okhala ndi PTFE/silicone gasket caps amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amalimbana ndi zosungunulira za organic ndipo amakhala ndi chisindikizo cholimba. Kwa zitsanzo za zithunzi, mabotolo a bulauni amapezeka.
• GC mbale: popeza kusanthula kwa GC kumadalira kwambiri kusinthasintha kwachitsanzo, ziboliboli ziyenera kusindikizidwa mwamphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi magalasi a galasi okhala ndi zipewa zokakamiza; kuonjezera apo, pofuna kupewa kutayika kwa zigawo zowonongeka, ma gaskets omwe amawombera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza ndi zisoti za aluminiyamu.
• Mapulogalamu okhala ndi ma voliyumu ang'onoang'ono: Pakuwunika kwachulukidwe komanso kufufuza zinthu, ma 0.3 ml-0.5 ml ma microvial angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi cannulae kuti achepetse kutaya kwa zitsanzo.

2. Autosampling dongosolo kukula ndi ngakhale zofunika

Ma laboratories amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma autosamplers kuti azitha kuzindikira bwino komanso kusasinthasintha, ndipo miyezo yofananira imaperekedwa pamapangidwe a vial ndi mawonekedwe:

• Zodziwika bwino: 2ml muyezo caliber (OD 12mm * Kutalika 32mm) ndiye chachikulu kufalitsidwa chitsanzo ambiri yogwirizana ndi Mipikisano mtundu autosampling dongosolo.
• Zofunikira za mawonekedwe a vial: Pakamwa pa botolo liyenera kukhala lathyathyathya, thupi la botolo liyenera kukhala losagwirizana ndi mikangano yamakina, kuonetsetsa kuti mkono wamakina ukhazikika.
• Specialized Tray Adaptation: Mitundu ina yamakina imafunikira mawonekedwe apansi enieni (pansi palathyathyathya, pansi mozungulira, kapena ndi ma grooves) kuti agwirizane ndi thireyi ya vial.

3. Zida zapadera ndi mapangidwe ogwira ntchito

Pofuna kutsimikizira kulondola kwa zitsanzo zovuta, ma laboratories nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zopangidwa mwapadera:

• Inert borosilicate galasi: Ndi vial yomwe imakondedwa ya HPLC/GC chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwamankhwala komanso ukhondo, kupeŵa kuchitapo kanthu kapena kutsatiridwa ndi zigawo zachitsanzo.
• Mtengo wapatali wa magawo PTFE: kukana kwambiri zosungunulira dzimbiri, repeatable puncture, oyenera autosampling singano ntchito, kupewa kuipitsidwa chitsanzo ndi kutayikira.
• Botolo lochizira silanization: pamwamba amathandizidwa ndi zokutira zapadera kuti achepetse kutengeka kwa mamolekyu a polar, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kufufuza.

Posankha zipangizo zoyenera, zomangamanga ndi zofotokozera, zitsulo pakusanthula mankhwala sizimangowonjezera kudziwika bwino ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa zida, komanso zimathandizira kuti zigwirizane ndi kudalirika kwa deta yachitsanzo. Makamaka pakufufuza ndi njira zodziwikiratu, kasinthidwe koyenera ka vial kachitidwe kakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa mayesowo.

Kusankhidwa kwa Mbale mu Kusonkhanitsa Zitsanzo Zachilengedwe

Zosonkhanitsa zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zowulutsa zosiyanasiyana, monga madzi, nthaka, ndi mlengalenga, ndipo zitsanzozo zimakhala ndi zolembedwa zovuta kwambiri ndipo zitha kukhala pansi pamikhalidwe yoipitsitsa (mwachitsanzo, zowononga kwambiri, zosasunthika, kufufuza zowononga, ndi zina zotero). Pofuna kutsimikizira kudalirika kwa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ndikutsata zofunikira zamalamulo, ndikofunikira kusankha mbale zoyenera zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo.

1. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito

• Zitsanzo za madzi: Madzi apamtunda a Baokou, madzi apansi, madzi otayira m'mafakitale, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zitsulo zolemera, zowononga zachilengedwe. Zakudya zamchere, etc.
• Kuchotsa nthaka: zitsanzo zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapezedwa pochotsa mankhwala, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zitsulo zolemera kapena organic mankhwala.
• M'mlengalenga tinthu tamadzi timene timatulutsa: Zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa muzosefera kapena zamadzimadzi zomwe zimayamwa thovu.

2. Zofunikira zazikulu pakutengera zitsanzo za mbale

• Kusindikiza mwamphamvuPewani kusinthasintha kwachitsanzo, kutayikira kapena kuyamwa kwa chinyezi panthawi yoyendetsa kapena kusunga, makamaka chofunikira pakuzindikirika kwa VOC.
• Zabwino kukana dzimbiri: zitsanzo zingakhale ndi zidulo zolimba, alkalis kapena zosungunulira za organic, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lapamwamba la borosilicate kapena mabotolo opangidwa ndi mapulasitiki apadera.
• Kapangidwe ka inert: Khoma lamkati la vial liyenera kupewa kuwononga zonyansa kapena kuchitapo kanthu ndi zigawo zachitsanzo, ndipo kusanthula kwina kumafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo omwe adatsukidwa kapena kutsukidwa kale.
• Kutsata malamulo a zitsanzo: Mitundu yonse yamapologalamu owunikira zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri imatsogozedwa ndi miyezo yadziko kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi, monga US EPA, Miyezo Yabwino Yachilengedwe yaku China ya Surface Water, ndi zina zotero, ndipo mabotolo ayenera kusankhidwa kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.

Mbale zosasankhidwa molakwika zingayambitse mavuto monga kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe mukufuna, kuwononga zinthu zowononga, komanso zosasoweka zokondera, zomwe zingakhudze kulondola kwa zotsatira za mayeso kapena kulepheretsa deta. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwasayansi ndi koyenera kwa mbale zowunikira pakuwunika zachilengedwe sikungokhudzana ndi kusanthula kwabwino, komanso kumagwirizana ndi kutsata komanso kupanga zisankho zasayansi zachilengedwe.

Upangiri Wosankha Vial: Momwe Mungasankhire Kutengera Mtundu Wachitsanzo ndi Zosowa Zowunika

Poyang'anizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo, momwe mungapangire chisankho chogwira ntchito komanso chasayansi pantchito yothandiza ndi vuto lofala kwa oyesera.

1. Zitsanzo za katundu zimatsimikizira kusankha kwapangidwe kwa zinthu zoyambira

• Katundu wa chitsanzo palokha: Ngati chitsanzocho chimakhala chosasunthika kwambiri, botolo lagalasi lokhala ndi kapu yosindikizira kwambiri ndi PTFE gasket ndi yabwino kuonjezera kutaya kwa zigawo. Poyang'anizana ndi zitsanzo zowononga zowonongeka, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo agalasi osagwira mankhwala a borosilicate, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri, mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi fluorinated ndi zipangizo zina zapadera zomwe zimadziwika kuti botolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa zitsanzo za biologically zomwe zimagwira ma nucleic acid, mapuloteni kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ma enzyme opanda ma enzyme, ma mbale osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zinthu zotsika kwambiri zochepetsera kapena zoziziritsa kukhosi zimakondedwa kuti zipewe kuwonongeka kwa zitsanzo kapena kutsatsa kosadziwika.
• Mtundu ndi kuyanjana kwa zida zowunikira: Dongosolo la autosampling lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, liyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa vial yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kulondola kwa pakamwa pa botolo, makulidwe a gasket, ndi zina zotere zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zidapangidwa ndi wopanga zida. Nthawi zambiri, botolo lagalasi lokhazikika la 2 ml limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti singanoyo imachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndikupewa kutsekeka kwa singano kapena kutayikira. Pakuyesa pamanja kapena kugawa, mtundu wa vial wosinthika umasankhidwa.
• Zitsanzo zosungirako: Zosungirako zachitsanzo zimakhudza mwachindunji kusankha kwa zinthu ndi kutsekedwa kwa vial. Mbale zambiri zamagalasi kapena polypropylene ndizokwanira zitsanzo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa mufiriji kwakanthawi kochepa. Ngati zitsanzo zikuyenera kusungidwa kutentha kochepa (-20 ℃ kapena -80 ℃), machubu apadera oziziritsa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amapangidwa ndi PP yosagwirizana ndi kutentha komanso yokhala ndi anti-leakage O-ring sealing structure. Ngati zitsanzo zasungidwa mu nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ziboli zapadera zamadzimadzi za nayitrogeni ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zisoti zomangika zamkati kapena zipewa zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisindikizidwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kuzizira ndi kuphulika kwa Mbale. Kuphatikiza apo, pazida zowoneka bwino, mbale zofiirira kapena zowoneka bwino ziyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena zokhala ndi zida zosungirako zowunikira.
• Kuchuluka kwa mtengo ndi kukula kwa kuyesa: Pazoyeserera zapamwamba kwambiri kapena ma laboratories ophunzitsa, mbale zapulasitiki zotsika mtengo zitha kusankhidwa kuti muchepetse ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito. Pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kapena kasamalidwe ka zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali, cholinga chake chiyenera kukhala paukhondo wa mabotolo, kusagwira ntchito kwa zinthu, ndi ntchito yosindikiza, zomwe zingathandize kutsimikizira kulondola kwa deta ngakhale pamtengo wokwera pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, pomanga malaibulale achitsanzo kapena poyang'anira ntchito zanthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuika patsogolo Mbale zapamwamba zomwe zimakhala ndi barcode, zosagwira mufiriji, komanso zosagwirizana ndi kuipitsidwa kuti mupititse patsogolo kutsata kwa zitsanzo ndi kasamalidwe ka deta.

Kutengera pamodzi, vial yachitsanzo, ngakhale yaying'ono, ndi chiyanjano chofunikira pakati pa mapangidwe oyesera, khalidwe lachitsanzo ndi zotsatira zowunikira. Kupyolera mu kulingalira mwadongosolo makhalidwe zitsanzo, zida zoyesera, njira zosungiramo ndi kukula kwa bajeti, gwero la kutentha loyesera lingathe kusankha mwasayansi chitsanzo choyenera kwambiri chosonkhanitsa vial, ndikuyika maziko olimba a ndondomeko yonse yofufuza.

Mayendedwe Amtsogolo ndi Njira Zatsopano

Ndi chitukuko cha makina opangira kafukufuku wasayansi ndi lingaliro loyesera lobiriwira, mbale zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo zikuyenda motsatira njira zoseketsa komanso zoteteza chilengedwe.

Kumbali imodzi, ma labotale ochulukirachulukira amakhala ndi zofunikira zowonjezera pakuthamanga kwachitsanzo ndi kachulukidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Mbale ziziyenda pang'onopang'ono kupita ku miniaturization ndi modularization. Mbale zazikuluzikulu zazing'ono zikukhala zodziwika bwino, ndipo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina odzichitira, sizimangosunga malo ndi zopangira zinthu, komanso zimathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira bwino ntchito, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe akuyesera amakono akufuna kuchita mwachangu komanso molondola.

Kumbali inayi, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zowononga chilengedwe chakhalanso cholinga cha makampani. Pofuna kuchepetsa kulemedwa kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha mapulasitiki otayidwa, mabotolo ochulukirachulukira akutengera zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka kapena zotengera zachilengedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulongedza ndi kupanga kupanga kumakhala kosavuta komanso kobiriwira, mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha zomangamanga zokhazikika za labotale.

M'tsogolomu, Mbale sizidzakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso gawo lalikulu la chitukuko chanzeru komanso chokhazikika cha ma laboratories.