Chiyambi

Mu kafukufuku wamakono wa sayansi ndi kusanthula koyesera, chipinda chosonkhanitsira zitsanzo ndi sitepe yoyamba kuonetsetsa kuti deta ndi yodalirika. Ndipo munjira imeneyi, mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo, monga chonyamulira chofunikira chosungira ndi kunyamula zitsanzo, kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi umphumphu ndi kukhazikika kwa chitsanzocho komanso kulondola kwa kusanthula komwe kukubwera.

Mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiriMitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabotolo imasiyanitsidwa mosamala malinga ndi zinthu, kapangidwe kake, zowonjezera ndi kutseka kwa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a physicochemical, zosowa zowunikira komanso momwe zimasungidwira.

Kugawa Koyambira kwa Mabotolo Osonkhanitsira Zitsanzo

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsanzo ili ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo panthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kusungira. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa magulu oyambira a mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo kudzathandiza oyesa kupanga chisankho choyenera kwambiri malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Ponseponse, machubu a zitsanzo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu, njira yotsekera ndi miyeso monga zosungunulira ndi kapangidwe kake.

1. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu: galasi poyerekeza ndi pulasitiki

• Machubu a Zitsanzo za Galasi: Kawirikawiri imapangidwa ndi galasi la borosilicate lokhala ndi mankhwala osagwira bwino ntchito komanso kutentha bwino, yoyenera zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso kutentha kwambiri. Makamaka pofufuza bwino kwambiri kapena kusonkhanitsa mankhwala osavuta kuyamwa, mabotolo agalasi amatha kupewa kuwonongeka kapena kuipitsidwa ndi zitsanzo.
• Mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo za pulasitikiZipangizo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, ndi zina zotero. Ndi zopepuka komanso zolimba, ndipo ndizoyenera kuzizira kwambiri, kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo zamoyo, komanso kuyesa kuchipatala nthawi zonse. Mabotolo ena apamwamba apulasitiki amalimbananso ndi dzimbiri la mankhwala.

2. Kugawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsekera: screw, bayonet, mtundu wa gland

• Mtundu wolowetsa: mtundu wofala kwambiri, wosavuta kutsegula ndi kutseka, woyenera zosowa zambiri za labotale. Zipewa zomangirira nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma gasket a PTFE/silicone kuti zitsimikizire kutseka ndi kugwirizana kwa mankhwala.
• Mtundu wa bayonet: Yotsekedwa mwachangu ndi snap, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kapena nthawi zina zomwe zimafuna kutsegulidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulatifomu odziyimira pawokha kapena njira zina zoyesera zokhazikika.
• Mtundu wa gland: Yotsekedwa ndi chivundikiro chachitsulo ndi gland, yopanda mpweya wambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chromatography ya mpweya ndi zoyeserera zina zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Yoyenera kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa zitsanzo zachilengedwe.

3. Kugawa m'magulu ndi voliyumu ndi mawonekedwe: muyezo, kakang'ono, pansi pa conical, ndi zina zotero.

• Mabotolo wamba: ma voliyumu wamba ndi 1.5 ml, 2 ml ndi 5 ml, omwe ndi oyenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula zitsanzo zambiri zamadzimadzi. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kozungulira, komwe ndikosavuta kugwira ndi zida zodziyimira zokha.
• Mabotolo ang'onoang'ono: yokhala ndi voliyumu ya 0.2ml-0.5ml, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zitsanzo zazing'ono kwambiri kapena mapangidwe oyesera okwera kwambiri. Yoyenera makina oyesera ang'onoang'ono.
• Mabotolo okhala ndi pansi pa makona: Pansi pa botolo lapangidwa ngati koni, yomwe ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito centrifugal komanso kutulutsa popanda zotsalira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kuchotsa mapuloteni/nucleic acid.
• Mabotolo apansi/ozungulira pansi: Mapansi athyathyathya ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyesera zokha, pomwe pansi ozungulira ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pamanja kapena kusakaniza vortex.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Zitsanzo Zachilengedwe (zitsanzo za magazi monga chitsanzo)

Monga imodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino komanso zoyambira zamoyo, magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuzindikira matenda, kuyesa majini, ndi kafukufuku wa proteomics. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kovuta komanso kugwira ntchito kwamphamvu kwa zamoyo, zofunikira pa zotengera zosonkhanitsira ndizokhwima kwambiri. Mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi osiyana pankhani ya zowonjezera, zipangizo, ndi kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa zitsanzo ndi kulondola kwa kusanthula komwe kukubwera.

1. Malo ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito

• Kuyezetsa zachipatala: pa magazi achizolowezi, biochemistry, electrolytes, kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kuchitika mwachangu, moyenera, kupewa kutuluka kwa magazi m'magazi ndi kuipitsidwa.
• Kafukufuku wa zamoyo zamaselo: monga RNA-seq, kutsata kwa genome yonse (WGS), qPCR, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafuna zofunikira zapamwamba kuti asidi a nucleic akhale olimba komanso kuti zitsanzo zisungidwe bwino.
• Kusanthula kwa mapuloteni ndi metabolism: nkhawa ndi kuletsa ntchito ya protease, kugwirizana kwa zosungunulira, kukhazikika pambuyo pozizira mobwerezabwereza ndi kusungunuka.

2. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo

• Muli ma botolo oletsa magazi kuundanaMachubu a EDTA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa magazi ndi kutulutsa nucleic acid, zomwe zingalepheretse bwino njira yolumikizirana ndikuteteza mawonekedwe a maselo; Machubu a Heparin ndi oyenera kusanthula plasma, oyenera kuyesa mankhwala enaake (monga kusanthula mpweya wamagazi), koma amasokoneza machitidwe ena a PCR; ndipo machubu a Sodium citrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa ntchito yolumikizirana.
• Machubu osonkhanitsira magazi oyera opanda zowonjezera: amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa seramu, monga kugwira ntchito, ntchito ya impso, mayeso a chitetezo chamthupi, ndi zina zotero. Magazi akangouma mwachilengedwe, seramu imalekanitsidwa ndi centrifugation kuti mankhwala ena asasokoneze zomwe zimachitika poyesa.
• Mabotolo apadera osungira madzi: Yopangidwa ndi zinthu za PP zolimba kwambiri, zotha kupirira kutentha kochepa kwambiri (-80℃ mpaka malo a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posunga plasma, seramu, zigawo za maselo kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabanki a zitsanzo zamoyo komanso maphunziro otsatira kwa nthawi yayitali.

3. Chenjezo

• Mphamvu ya zipangizo pa kukhazikika kwa chitsanzo: Mabotolo apulasitiki amatha kuyamwa mapuloteni kapena ma nucleic acid, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa zoyamwa kapena kukonza pamwamba. Mabotolo agalasi ndi olimba koma sali oyenera kuzizira konse Akatswiri a labu ayenera kupanga chigamulo kutengera mtundu wa chitsanzocho ndi zosowa za kuyeserako.
• Kufunika kwa njira yolembera ndi kutsata: Pa nthawi yoyesera, zitsanzo zimasokonezeka mosavuta chifukwa cha zilembo, chidziwitso chosakwanira ndi mavuto ena, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kudalirika kwa deta. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zosindikizidwa ndi laser, zomata zolimba zosungiramo zozizira kapena njira yotsatirira zamagetsi (monga RFID, barcode) pa njira yonse yoyang'anira zitsanzo.

Kusunga ndi kusamalira zitsanzo za magazi kumachita gawo lalikulu pa zotsatira za kafukufuku, ndipo mabotolo oyenera osonkhanitsira zitsanzo sikuti amangowonjezera kusungidwa kwa ntchito ndi umphumphu wa zitsanzo zokha, komanso ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wapamwamba. Ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala olondola komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba, kufunikira kwa mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo zamoyo kukuchulukirachulukira.

Kusanthula Mankhwala ndi Zitsanzo za Laboratory

Mu chemistry yosanthula, kupeza mankhwala, kuyesa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi ntchito zina za labotale, mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo si zosungiramo zokha, komanso ndi zigawo zogwirizana kwambiri pa njira yowunikira ndi chipangizocho. Makamaka mu chromatography yamadzimadzi, chromatography ya gasi ndi njira zina zoyesera zolondola kwambiri, kusankha mabotolo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kubwerezabwereza ndi kulondola kwa kusanthula ndi kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa chipangizocho.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo mu chromatography yamadzimadzi ndi kusanthula chromatography ya mpweya

• Mabotolo a HPLC: kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala kumafunika kuti yankho la chitsanzo lisagwirizane kapena kukhuta ndi khoma la botolo. Kawirikawiri mabotolo agalasi okwana 2 ml okhala ndi zipewa za PTFE/silicone gasket amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amalimbana ndi zosungunulira zachilengedwe ndipo amasunga chisindikizo cholimba. Pa zitsanzo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwala, mabotolo a bulauni amapezeka.
• Mabotolo a GC: popeza kusanthula kwa GC kumadalira kwambiri kusakhazikika kwa zitsanzo, mabotolowa ayenera kutsekedwa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mabotolo agalasi okhala ndi zipewa zopanikizika; kuphatikiza apo, kuti apewe kutayika kwa zinthu zosakhazikika, ma gasket obowoledwa kale nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka ndi zipewa za aluminiyamu.
• Mapulogalamu okhala ndi zitsanzo zochepa: Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka komanso kuzindikira zinthu zotsalira, ma microbottle a 0.3 ml-0.5 ml angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma cannulae kuti achepetse kutayika kwa zitsanzo.

2. Kukula kwa dongosolo loyesera ndi zofunikira zogwirizana

Ma laboratories amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma autosamplers kuti apititse patsogolo kuzindikira bwino komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo miyezo yofanana imaperekedwa pakufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mtsuko:

• Mafotokozedwe ofanana: 2ml muyezo wa caliber (OD 12mm * Kutalika 32mm) ndiye chitsanzo chachikulu choyendera, chogwirizana kwambiri ndi makina ambiri oyesera ma autosampling.
• Zofunikira pa mawonekedwe a vial: pakamwa pa botolo payenera kukhala pathyathyathya, thupi la botolo liyenera kukhala lolimba ku kukangana kwa makina, kuti zitsimikizire kuti kukanikiza kwa mkono wamakina kuli kolimba.
• Kusintha kwa Thireyi YapaderaMitundu ina ya makina imafuna kapangidwe kake ka pansi (pansi pathyathyathya, pansi pozungulira, kapena kokhala ndi mipata) kuti igwirizane ndi thireyi ya vial.

3. Zipangizo zapadera ndi kapangidwe kogwira ntchito

Pofuna kutsimikizira kulondola kwa zitsanzo zovuta, ma laboratories nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo opangidwa mwapadera:

• Galasi lopanda borosilicate: Ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa HPLC/GC chifukwa cha kukana mankhwala komanso ukhondo wake, kupewa kuyamwa kapena kulowetsedwa ndi zinthu zochepa mu chitsanzo.
• Chipewa cha gasket cha PTFE: kukana dzimbiri kwa solvent, kubowola mobwerezabwereza, koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito singano yokha, kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi kutayikira kwa zitsanzo.
• Botolo lothandizira la Silanization: pamwamba pake pamakhala chophimba chapadera kuti muchepetse kuyamwa kwa mamolekyulu a polar, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zinthu zochepa.

Mwa kusankha zipangizo zoyenera, kapangidwe kake ndi zofunikira zake, mabotolo owunikira mankhwala samangowonjezera luso lozindikira komanso kugwirizana kwa zida, komanso amathandizira kuti deta ya zitsanzo ikhale yogwirizana komanso yodalirika. Makamaka pakusanthula kwa zotsalira ndi njira zodziyimira zokha, kasinthidwe koyenera ka mabotolo kakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa mayesowo.

Kusankha Ma Mbale mu Zitsanzo za Zachilengedwe

Kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo zachilengedwe kumakhudza zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga madzi, nthaka, ndi mlengalenga, ndipo zitsanzozo zimakhala ndi zinthu zovuta ndipo zimatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri (monga, zowononga kwambiri, zosinthasintha kwambiri, zodetsa pang'ono, ndi zina zotero). Pofuna kutsimikizira kudalirika kwa deta yosonkhanitsidwa ndikutsatira zofunikira za malamulo, ndikofunikira kusankha mabotolo oyenera osonkhanitsira zitsanzo.

1. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito

• Zitsanzo za madzi: Madzi a pamwamba pa Baokou, madzi apansi panthaka, madzi otayira a mafakitale, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira zitsulo zolemera, zinthu zoipitsa zachilengedwe. Mchere wa michere, ndi zina zotero.
• Chotsitsa cha nthaka: zitsanzo zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochotsa mankhwala, okhala ndi zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zitsulo zolemera kapena mankhwala achilengedwe.
• Madzi osonkhanitsira tinthu tating'onoting'ono touluka: zitsanzo za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito kutuluka mu nembanemba zosefera kapena zakumwa zoyamwa thovu.

2. Zofunikira zazikulu pa ma botolo oyezera zitsanzo

• Kusindikiza mwamphamvuPewani kusinthasintha kwa zitsanzo, kutayikira kapena kuyamwa chinyezi panthawi yonyamula kapena kusungira, makamaka chofunika kwambiri kuti zizindikire VOC.
• Kukana bwino dzimbiriZitsanzo zitha kukhala ndi ma asidi amphamvu, alkali kapena zosungunulira zachilengedwe, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito galasi la borosilicate kapena mabotolo opangidwa ndi pulasitiki yapadera.
• Kapangidwe kopanda ntchitoKhoma lamkati la botolo liyenera kupewa kusakaniza zinthu zodetsa kapena kuchitapo kanthu ndi zitsanzo, ndipo kusanthula kwina kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo omwe asinthidwa kukhala silanized kapena kutsukidwa kale.
• Kutsatira malamulo otsatira zitsanzo: Mitundu yonse ya mapulogalamu owunikira zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amatsogozedwa ndi miyezo ya dziko kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi, monga US EPA, Miyezo ya Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe ku China ya Madzi Ozungulira, ndi zina zotero, ndipo mabotolo ayenera kusankhidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zawo zoyezera.

Mabotolo osasankhidwa bwino angayambitse mavuto monga kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zikufunidwa, kuyamwa kwa zinthu zodetsa, ndi malo opanda kanthu, zomwe zingakhudze kulondola kwa zotsatira za mayeso kapena kupangitsa kuti deta isachotsedwe. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwasayansi komanso koyenera kwa mabotolo a zitsanzo poyang'anira chilengedwe sikungokhudzana ndi ubwino wa kusanthula kokha, komanso kukhudzana ndi kutsatira malamulo ndi kupanga zisankho zasayansi pazachilengedwe.

Buku Lotsogolera Kusankha Mbale: Momwe Mungasankhire Kutengera Mtundu wa Chitsanzo ndi Zosowa Zowunikira

Poyang'anizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo, momwe mungasankhire bwino komanso mwasayansi pantchito yothandiza ndi vuto lofala kwa akatswiri ofufuza.

1. Zitsanzo za katundu zimatsimikizira kapangidwe ka zinthu zoyambirira

• Katundu wa chitsanzochoNgati chitsanzocho chili chosinthasintha kwambiri, botolo lagalasi lokhala ndi chivundikiro chabwino kwambiri chotseka ndi gasket ya PTFE ndi lomwe limakondedwa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke kwambiri. Ngati pali zitsanzo zolimba zowononga, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo agalasi a borosilicate osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kapena gwiritsani ntchito polyethylene yolimba kwambiri, mapulasitiki okhala ndi fluorine ndi zipangizo zina zapadera zomwe zimadziwika kuti botolo. Kuphatikiza apo, pa zitsanzo zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi zomwe zili ndi nucleic acid, mapuloteni kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabotolo opanda ma enzyme, omwe amathiridwa ndi aseptic ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zinthu zochepa zothira madzi kapena zosagwira madzi zimakondedwa kuti zipewe kuwonongeka kwa chitsanzo kapena kusathira madzi m'thupi.
• Mtundu ndi kugwirizana kwa zida zowunikira: Dongosolo loyesera lokha lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, liyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa botolo lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito, kulondola kwa pakamwa pa botolo, makulidwe a gasket, ndi zina zotero zikugwirizana ndi zomwe wopanga zida amafotokozera. Nthawi zambiri, botolo lagalasi lokhala ndi screw-top 2 ml limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti singano yobayira imachotsedwa mosalekeza komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa singano kapena kutuluka. Pakuyesa kapena kugawa pamanja, mtundu wa botolo wosinthasintha umakondedwa.
• Zitsanzo za momwe mungasungire: Momwe chitsanzocho chimasungidwira zimakhudza mwachindunji kusankha zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake kotseka botolo. Mabotolo ambiri agalasi kapena a polypropylene ndi okwanira zitsanzo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mufiriji kwa nthawi yochepa. Ngati zitsanzozo ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kochepa (-20℃ kapena -80℃), machubu apadera oziziritsa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amapangidwa ndi PP yolimba kutentha pang'ono ndipo ali ndi kapangidwe kotseka O-ring koteteza kutuluka kwa madzi. Ngati zitsanzozo zasungidwa mu nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi kwa nthawi yayitali, mabotolo apadera amadzimadzi a nayitrogeni ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zipewa kapena zipewa zamkati zomwe ziyenera kulimbitsa kuti zitseke ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisamaziziritse ndi kuphulika kwa mabotolo. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala, mabotolo a bulauni kapena osawoneka bwino ayeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kukhala ndi zipangizo zosungiramo zosawala.
• Kuchuluka kwa mtengo ndi kukula kwa zoyeserera: Pa zoyeserera zapamwamba kapena ma laboratories ophunzitsira, mabotolo apulasitiki otsika mtengo angasankhidwe kuti achepetse ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa kusanthula kolondola kapena kusamalira zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali, cholinga chiyenera kukhala pa ukhondo wa mabotolo, kusalowa bwino kwa zinthu, ndi magwiridwe antchito otseka, zomwe zingathandize kuonetsetsa kuti deta ndi yolondola ngakhale pamtengo wokwera pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, pomanga malaibulale a zitsanzo kapena kuyang'anira mapulojekiti anthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuyika patsogolo mabotolo apamwamba omwe ali ndi barcode, osazizira, komanso osaipitsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kutsata zitsanzo ndikuwongolera deta.

Ponseponse, botolo lachitsanzo, ngakhale laling'ono, ndi mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa kapangidwe ka zoyeserera, mtundu wa zitsanzo ndi zotsatira zowunikira. Kudzera mu kulingalira mwadongosolo kwa makhalidwe a zitsanzo, zida zoyesera, njira zosungiramo ndi kukula kwa bajeti, gwero la kutentha loyesera lingathe kusankha mwasayansi botolo loyenera kwambiri losonkhanitsira zitsanzo, ndikuyika maziko olimba a njira yonse yofufuzira.

Zochitika Zamtsogolo ndi Malangizo Atsopano

Ndi chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa sayansi wodziyimira pawokha komanso lingaliro la kuyesa kobiriwira, mabotolo osonkhanitsira zitsanzo akusintha kuti azitsatira njira yoseketsa komanso yoteteza chilengedwe.

Kumbali imodzi, ma labotale omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri ali ndi zofunikira zambiri pa liwiro ndi kuchulukana kwa zitsanzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabotolo ayambe pang'onopang'ono kusinthasintha pang'onopang'ono komanso modularization. Mabotolo ang'onoang'ono akuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina odziyimira pawokha, samangosunga malo ndi ma reagents okha, komanso amawonjezera magwiridwe antchito, mogwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa zoyeserera zamakono za liwiro ndi kulondola.

Kumbali inayi, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe chakhalanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'makampani opanga zinthu. Pofuna kuchepetsa mavuto azachilengedwe omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mapulasitiki otayidwa, mabotolo ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka kapena zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yopakira ndi kupanga zinthu imakhala yosavuta komanso yobiriwira, mogwirizana ndi momwe ntchito yomanga ma labotale imakhalira yokhazikika.

M'tsogolomu, mabotolo sadzakhala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kokha, komanso gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chanzeru komanso chokhazikika cha ma laboratories.